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Isku-dariyeyaasha Gudbiyeyaasha

Isku-dariyaha awood sare waa aalad loo isticmaalo nidaamyada soo noqnoqda raadiyaha (RF) si loogu daro calaamado badan oo RF ah oo la mid ah wax soo saar leh awood sare. Asal ahaan waa shabakad awood qaybiye RF ah iyo isku-dariyeyaasha loo habeeyey si ay calaamadaha wax gelinta shaqsiga ah la isugu geeyo oo looga soo saaro hal deked.

 

Isku-dariyuhu wuxuu u shaqeeyaa isagoo isticmaalaya qaybo aan fiicneyn oo taxane ah sida qaybiyayaal awoodeed, lamaanayaasha jihada, filtarrada, iyo amplifiers si ay ugu qaybiyaan awoodda inta u dhaxaysa calaamadaha wax gelinta ee badan. Calaamadaha wax-soo-gelinta waxa lagu daraa isticmaalka isku-darka awoodda, kaas oo ah aalad adeegsata mabda'a sare-u-qaadista si loogu daro calaamadaha wax-gelinta ee shaqsiga ah. Calaamadaha la isku daray ayaa markaa la kordhiyey si loo gaaro heerka tamarta la rabo.

 

fm-combiner-si-ballaaran-loo-isticmaalo-gudaha-raadiyaha-xarun-warbaahinta-oo leh-gudiyaha-fm-awood-sare-550px.jpg

Isku-dariyeyaasha awood sare leh ayaa caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada sida raadiyaha iyo telefishanka, nidaamyada radar, isgaarsiinta satalaytka, iyo shabakadaha gacanta. Waxay bixiyaan hufnaan, isku hallayn, iyo kharash-oolnimo oo la hagaajiyay iyagoo u oggolaanaya gudbiyeyaal badan inay wadaagaan hal anteeno, yaraynta kharashka kaabayaasha iyo hagaajinta guud ahaan waxqabadka nidaamka.

Isku-dariyeyaasha Awoodda Sare oo Dhameystiran oo ka socota FMUSER

Thanks to warshadda heerka caalami, FMUSER, oo hormuud u ah soo saaraha qalabka baahinta, wuxuu si guul leh ugu adeegay dhammaan noocyada macaamiisha isagoo siinaya xalal warbaahineed oo lagu kalsoonaan karo in ka badan 10 sano, hal shay ayaa hubaal ah isku-darka awood sare leh oo leh qalabyo badan iyo wax soo saar, badanaa waxaa loo shaqeeyaa si loo baahiyo barnaamijyo badan oo FM ah oo leh anteenooyin FM ah oo la wadaago. 

 

Soo-gudbiyeheena ayaa si fiican ugu shaqeeya:

 

  • Xarumo baahinta xirfadlayaasha ah ee heer gobol, degmo, iyo magaalo
  • Saldhigyo warbaahineed dhexdhexaad ah iyo kuwo waaweyn oo leh dabool aad u ballaaran
  • Xarumo warbaahineed oo xirfad leh oo leh malaayiin daawadayaal ah
  • Hawl-wadeennada raadiyaha oo raba inay qiimo jaban ku iibsadaan war-fidiyayaasha xirfadleyda ah

 

Waa kuwan isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare ee aan siinay illaa hadda:

 

  • Isku-dhafka VHF CIB
  • VHF Digital CIB Combiners
  • VHF Starpoint Combiners
  • UHF ATV CIB Combiners
  • UHF DTV CIB Combiners
  • UHF Stretchline Combiners
  • UHF DTV Starpoint Combiners
  • UHF ATV Starpoint Combiners
  • UHF Digital CIB Combiner - Nooca Golaha 
  • L-Band Digital 3-channel Combiners

 

Waxaan heysanaa kuwa ugu fiican Isku-xidhayaasha FM-ka badan Awoodda u dhaxaysa 4kW ilaa 120kW, gaar ahaan, waa 4 kW, 15 kW, 40 kW, 50 kW, 70 kW, iyo 120 kW FM CIB isku darka 3 ama 4, isku darka FM CIB ee la heli karo oo leh kanaalo badan oo FMUSER ah, iyo inta jeer ee leh 87 -108Mhz, si fiican, sidoo kale waxaa loo yaqaan isku darka isku dheelitiran ee FM, kaas oo gabi ahaanba ka duwan kan iskudariyeyaasha nooca xiddigaha iibka ah.

 

Marka laga reebo isku-darka isku-dheelitirka ah, isku-dariyeyaasha-starpoint-ka sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah noocyada isku-darka gudbinta ee ugu iibka badan, awoodda u dhexeysa 1kW ilaa 10kW, gaar ahaan, waa 1kW, 3kW, 6kW, 10kW FM Starpoint isku dhafka oo leh 3, 4, ama 6 channels. , iyo inta jeer ee leh 87 -108Mhz, noocyadan isku-dariyeyaasha waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa iskudariyeyaasha nooca xiddigaha.

 

Waxaan sidoo kale haysannaa kanaalka badan ee ugu fiican Isku darka UHF/VHF TV iib ah, tIsku-dariyeyaasha hese waa 1 kW, 3 kW, 4 kW, 6 kW, 8 kW, 8/20 kW, 10 kW, 15 kW, 20kW, 15/20 kW, 24 kW, 25kW, 40 kW VHF/UHF TV isku darka 3 . dhibic) isku-dariyeyaasha, oo leh inta jeer ee u dhaxaysa 4 - 6 MHz, 167 - 223 MHz, 470 - 862 MHz.

 

Fiiri jaantusyada soo socda si aad u dooratid isku darka gudbiyaha ee ugu fiican adiga!

 

Shaxda A. IBC 4 kW Isku-dariyeyaasha Gudbinta Qiimaha

 

Midda Xigta waa Isku-xidhaha Dheelitirnaanta FM iibka | Skip

 

Qoondaynta model Power Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Gelida Kooxda Cidhiidhiga ah Max. Power Input WideBand Input Max. Power Input Kanaalka / Godka  Booqo wax badan
FM A 4 kW 1.5 MHz 1 kW 3 kW 3 More
FM A1 4 kW 1 MHz * 1 kW 3 kW 4
FM B 4 kW 1.5 MHz 3 kW ** 4 kW ** 3 More
FM B1 4 kW 0.5 MHz* 3 kW ** 4 kW ** 4

U fiirso: 

* Isku-darka kala dheeraynta soo noqnoqda ee ka yar 1 MHz waa la habeyn karaa

** Wadarta awooda NB iyo WB waa inay ka yaraataa 4 kW

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Jaantuska B. FM Power Sare CIB (nooc dheeli tiran) Isku darka iibka

 

Kii hore waa a 4kW Isku-duwaha Korontada Sare Qiimaha | Skip

Midda Xigta waa FM Starpoint Combiner iibka | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Gelida Kooxda Cidhiidhiga ah Max. Power Input WideBand Input Max. Power Input Booqo wax badan
FM

 4 kW

 A 3 1.5 MHz 1 kW 3 kW More
A1
 4 1 MHz * 1 kW 3 kW
B 3 1.5 MHz 3 kW ** 4 kW ** More
B1 4 0.5 MHz* 3 kW ** 4 kW **
15 kW
 A 3 1.5 MHz
 Gelida Kooxda Cidhiidhiga ah
 6 kW **
 WideBand Input



 15 kW **
 More
A1 4 0.5 MHz*
 6 kW **
 15 kW **
B 3 1.5 MHz
 10 kW **
 15 kW **
 More
B1 4 0.5 MHz*
 10 kW **
 15 kW **
40 kW
 A 3 1.5 MHz
 Gelida Kooxda Cidhiidhiga ah
 10 kW WideBand Input
 30 kW More
A1 4 0.5 MHz*
 10 kW 30 kW
50 kW
 A
 3 1.5 MHz
 Gelida Kooxda Cidhiidhiga ah
 20 kW **
 WideBand Input
 50 kW **
 More
A1
 4 0.5 MHz*
 20 kW **
 50 kW **
70 kW/120kW A 3 1.5 MHz*
 Gelida Kooxda Cidhiidhiga ah
 30 kW **
 WideBand Input
 70 kW** More
70 kW/120kW
 A1 3 1.5 MHz*
 30 kW **
 120 kW**
 More

U fiirso: 

* Isku-darka kala dheeraynta soo noqnoqda ee ka yar 1 MHz waa la habeyn karaa

** Wadarta awooda NB iyo WB waa inay ka yaraataa 4 kW

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda C. Awoodda Sare ee FM Starpoint Combiner Qiimaha

 

Tii hore waa IBC Isku-duwaha FM iibka | Skip

Midda Xigta waa Gobolka Adag ee N-Channel Gudbiyaha Isku-darka Qiimaha | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 Xidhiidhiyayaasha Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Max. Power Input Booqo wax badan
FM 1 kW A 3 7-16 DIN
 3 MHz 2 x 500 W More
FM 1 kW A1
 4 7-16 DIN
 1.5 MHz 2 x 500 W
FM 3 kW A 3 7-16 DIN
 3 MHz 2 x 1.5 kW More
FM 3 kW A1 4 7-16 DIN
 1.5 MHz 2 x 1.5 kW
FM
 6 kW A 3 1 5 / 8 "
 3 MHz
 2 x 3 kW
 More
FM
 6 kW
 A1 4 1 5 / 8 "
 1.5 MHz
 2 x 3 kW
FM
 10 kW
 A 3 1 5 / 8 "
 3 MHz
 2 x 5 kW
 More
FM
 10 kW
 A1 4 1 5 / 8 "
 1.5 MHz
 2 x 5 kW
FM 20 kW
 A 3 3 1 / 8 "
 3 MHz
 2 x 10 kW More
FM 20 kW
 A1 4 3 1 / 8 "
 1.5 MHz
 2 x 10 kW

U fiirso: 

* Isku-darka kala dheeraynta soo noqnoqda ee ka yar 1 MHz waa la habeyn karaa

** Wadarta awooda NB iyo WB waa inay ka yaraataa 4 kW

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Jaantuska D. Isku-darka Gudbiyaha N-State N-Sool 

 

Tii hore waa Isku-duwaha Nooca Xiddiga FM iibka | Skip

Midda Xigta waa UHF/VHF Isku-dhafan iibka | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power Kanaalka / Godka 
 Xidhiidhiyayaasha Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Max. Power Input Booqo wax badan
FM 1 kW 2 1 5 / 8 "
 3 MHz N x 1 W (N <5) More

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda E. Awood Sare IBC UHF/VHF Combiner iibka

 

Tii hore waa Isku-duwaha N-Channel-ka Adag ee Gobolka | Skip

Midda Xigta waa Qiimaha Isku-darka Laanta VHF | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Gelida Kooxda Cidhiidhiga ah
 Max. Power Input WideBand Input
 Max. Power Input Booqo wax badan
VHF 15 kW A 3 2 MHz 6 kW * 15 kW * More
VHF 15 kW A1
 4 1 MHz 6 kW * 15 kW *
VHF 15 kW B 3 2 MHz 10 kW * 15 kW * More
VHF 15 kW B1 4 1 MHz 10 kW * 15 kW *
VHF  24 kW
 N / A 6 0 MHz
 6 kW
 18 kW
 More
VHF 40 kW A 3 2 MHz
 10 kW
 30 kW
 More
 VHF 40 kW A1 4 1 MHz
 10 kW
 30 kW

U fiirso: 

* Isku-darka kala dheeraynta soo noqnoqda ee ka yar 1 MHz waa la habeyn karaa

** Wadarta awooda NB iyo WB waa inay ka yaraataa 4 kW

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda F. Awoodda Sare VHF Isku-duwaha Starpoint Qiimaha

 

Tii hore waa UHF/VHF Balance Combiner iibka | Skip

Midda Xigta waa UHF ATV Combiner Balanced iibka | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 cabbir Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Max. Awood gelinta Go'doominta u dhaxaysa wax-soo-gelinta Booqo wax badan
VHF 3 kW A 4 650 410 680 mm
 2 MHz 2 x 1.5 kW D 40 dB More
VHF 3 kW A1
 6 990 340 670 mm
 1 MHz 2 x 1.5 kW D 55 dB
VHF 6 kW A 4 L × 930 × H mm *
 2 MHz 2 x 3 kW D 40 dB More
VHF 6 kW A1 6 L × 705 × H mm *
 1 MHz 2 x 3 kW D 50 dB
VHF 10 kW
 A 3 L × 880 × H mm *
 4 MHz
 2 x 5 kW
 D 45 dB
 More
VHF 10 kW A1 4 L × 1145 × H mm *
 2 MHz
 2 x 5 kW
 D 40 dB

U fiirso: 

* L iyo H waxay ku xiran yihiin kanaalada.

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda G. Awood sare oo UHF ATV CIB Combiner iibka

 

Tii hore waa VHF Starpoint Combiner for sale | Skip

Midda Xigta waa UHF DTV Combiner Balanced Qiimaha | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Gelida dhuuban
 
 
 
 



 Max. Awood gelinta Gelida Wideband
 
 
 
 



 Max. Awood gelinta
 Booqo wax badan
UHF 8 kW A 4 1 MHz 2 kW * 8 kW * More
UHF 25 kW A 4 1 MHz 20 kW * 25 kW *
 More
UHF 25 kW A1 6 1 MHz 20 kW * 25 kW *

U fiirso: 

* Wadarta awooda NB iyo WB waa inay ka yaraataa 8 kW

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda H. Awood Sare UHF DTV CIB Combiner iibka

 

Tii hore waa UHF ATV Isku-dheellitirnaan Iibka ah | Skip

Midda Xigta waa Dawlad- Adag UHF Digital Isku dheellitirka Qiimaha isku-darka | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Gelida dhuuban
 
 
 
 
 
 		 Max. Awood gelinta Gelida Wideband
 
 
 
 
 
 		 Max. Awood gelinta
 Booqo wax badan
UHF 1 kW A 6 0 MHz 0.7 kW RMS * 1 kW RMS * More
UHF 1 kW B 6 0 MHz 1.5 kW RMS * 6 kW RMS *
 More
UHF 6 kW A 6 0 MHz 3 kW RMS * 6 kW RMS *
 More
UHF 16 kW A 6 0 MHz 3 kW RMS * 16 kW RMS
 More
UHF
 16 kW
 B 6 0 MHz
 6 kW RMS
 16 kW RMS
 More
UHF
 25 kW
 A 6 0 MHz 6 kW RMS
 25 kW RMS *
 More

U fiirso: 

* Wadarta awooda NB iyo WB waa inay ka yaraataa 8 kW

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda I. Isku-darka Hadhaaga Dijital ah ee Gobolka Adag 

 

Tii hore waa UHF DTV Qiimaha Isku-darka Hadhaaga | Skip

Midda Xigta waa UHF DTV Nooca Xiddigta Isku-Duwaha ee Iibka | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power Kanaalka / Godka 
 Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Gelida dhuuban

 Max. Power Input Gelida Wideband
 		 Max. Power Input
 Booqo wax badan
UHF 1 kW 6 0 MHz 0.7 kW RMS * 1 kW RMS *
 More

U fiirso:
* Wadarta awooda NB iyo WB waa inay ka yaraataa 1 kW

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda J. Awoodda Sare ee UHF Isku-duwaha DTV Starpoint iibka

 

Tii hore waa Isku-darka Gobolka Adag ee UHF Digital CIB | Skip

Midda Xigta waa UHF ATV Starpoint Combiner Qiimaha | Skip

 

Qoondaynta model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 cabbir Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Max. Awood gelinta Xidhiidhiyayaasha Miisaanka
Booqo wax badan
UHF A 6 600 200 300 mm
 1 MHz 2 x 350 W 7-16 DIN ~ 15 kiilo
 More
UHF B
 6 800 350 550 mm
 1 MHz 2 x 750 W 1 5 / 8 " ~ 38 kiilo
 More
UHF C 6 815 400 750 mm
 1 MHz 2 x 1.6 kW 1 5 / 8 " ~ 57 kiilo
 More
UHF D 6 1200 500 1000 mm
 1 MHz 2 x 3 kW 1 5/8 ", 3 1/8"  ~ 95 kiilo
 More

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda K. Awoodda Sare ee UHF ATV Starpoint Combiner Qiimaha

 

Tii hore waa UHF DTV Starpoint Combiner for sale | Skip

Midda Xigta waa UHF Stretchline Combiner for sale | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Kanaalka / Godka 
 cabbir Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Max. Awood gelinta Xidhiidhiyayaasha Miisaanka Booqo wax badan
UHF 20 kW A 4 Ku xiran kanaalada
 2 MHz 2 x 10 kW 3 1 / 8 " ~ 45 - 110 kg
 More
UHF 15 kW B 4 Ku xiran kanaalada
 2 MHz 10 kW / 5kW 3 1 / 8 " ~ 65 - 90 kg
 More

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda L. Awoodda Sare ee UHF Isku-dhafka Stretchline iibka

 

Tii hore waa UHF ATV Starpoint Combiner Qiimaha | Skip

Midda Xigta waa Awood sare L-band Digital 3-Channel Combiner | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power model
 Loss galinta
 cabbir Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Max. Awood gelinta Xidhiidhiyayaasha Miisaanka Booqo wax badan
UHF 8 A ≤0.2 dB 550 × 110 × H mm *
 5 MHz 2 x 4 kW 1 5 / 8 " Ku xiran kanaalada
 More
UHF 20 B ≤0.1 dB 720 × 580 × H mm *
 5 MHz 2 x 10 kW 3 1 / 8 " Ku xiran kanaalada
 More

U fiirso:

* H waxay kuxirantahay kanaalada

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

Shaxda M. Awood Sare L-band Digital 3-Channel Combiner 

 

Tii hore waa UHF ATV Starpoint Combiner for sale | Skip

Ku noqo Shaxda A. 4 kW Isku-dariyeyaasha Wareejinta | Skip

 

Qoondaynta Power Kanaalka / Godka 
 Min. Kala dheeraynta inta jeer Max. Power Input
 Go'doominta u dhaxaysa wax-soo-gelinta
 Miisaanka cabbir Booqo wax badan
CIB oo la hagaajiyay 4 kW 6 1 MHz 3 x 1.3 kW
 D 60 dB
 ~ 90 kiilo
 995 710 528 mm
 More

 

Weydiiso Xigasho

 

FMUSER waxay hormuud ka ahayd alaab-qeybiyeyaasha qalabka baahinta in ka badan 10 sano. Laga soo bilaabo 2008, FMUSER waxay abuurtay jawi shaqo oo kobciya wada shaqaynta hal abuurka leh ee ka dhaxaysa shaqaalaha horumarinta injineernimada xirfad sare leh iyo koox wax soo saar leh. Waxaan haynaa ganacsi ganacsi oo isku darka koronto sare leh oo iib ah in ka badan 200+ waddan iyo gobollada adduunka oo dhan, waa kuwan kuwa aad ka iibsan karto isku-dariyeyaasha gudbinta:

 

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua iyo Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina, Botswana , Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica , Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Qubrus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor (Timor - Leste), Ecuador, Masar, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea - Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel , Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, North, Korea, South, Kosovo, Kuw ait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lubnaan, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Dawlada Dhexe ee Moldova , Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Waqooyiga Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts iyo Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent iyo Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles , Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sudan, South, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad iyo Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Ar ab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

 

Iyada oo loo marayo niyaddan iyo u heellanaanta wada-shaqeynta dhabta ah, FMUSER waxay awood u yeelatay inay abuurto qaar ka mid ah qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee ugu hal-abuurka leh, iyada oo adeegsanaysa mabaadi'da wakhtiga la tijaabiyay ee shalay oo lagu daray sayniska horumarsan ee maanta.

 

fmuser-waxay siisaa-baahinta-xarunta-qalabka-la-soo-saarka-adduunka-700px.jpg

 

Mid ka mid ah guulahayaga aan ku faano, iyo sidoo kale doorashada caanka ah ee macaamiisheenna badan, waa isku-darka gudbinta awoodda sare ee xarumaha gudbinta.

 

"Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ka heshid wax wanaagsan oo ka socda FMUSER. Waxay daboolayaan dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee awoodda Isku-duwaha Gudbinta, Isku-duwaha FM ee ugu fiican ee iibka ah, awoodda u dhexeysa 4kw ilaa 15kw, 40kw ilaa 120kw"

- - - - - James, xubin daacad ah FMUSER

Liiska Eray-bixinta Buuxa ee Isku-dariyayaasha Awoodda Sare
Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah erey-bixinno dheeraad ah oo la xidhiidha isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare iyo sharraxaaddooda:

1. Tirada godadka: Tirada godadka ku jira isku-darka waxa ay tilmaamaysaa tirada godadka wareegga resonant ee ku dhex jira isku-darka. Dalool kasta waxa loo qaabeeyey inuu u shaqeeyo sidii wareeg-soo-bax leh oo lammaane tamarta ka soo gelida ilaa dekedda wax-soo-saarka ee isku-darka. Awooda wax ka qabashada awooda iyo heerka go'doominta isku-darka ayaa kordhay tirada godadka.

2. Inta jeer: Inta jeer ee isku-dariyuhu waxa ay tilmaamaysaa xadhkaha soo noqnoqda ee isku-darka Waxaa jira kooxo soo noqnoqda oo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay noocyada kala duwan ee hawlgallada baahinta, sida UHF (Ultra High Frequency), VHF (Frequency High High), FM (Modulation Frequency), TV, iyo L-band. Xadhkaha soo noqnoqda ayaa go'aamiya inta jeer ee isku-darka uu xamili karo.

3. Awoodda wax-gelinta: Awoodda wax-soo-gelinta ayaa qeexda awoodda ugu badan ee isku-dariyuhu uu xamili karo iyada oo aan waxyeello geysan. Qiimaynta awoodda wax gelinta waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa kilowatts (kW) waxayna muujineysaa awoodda ugu badan ee isku-dariyuhu u adkeysan karo.

4. Habaynta: Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo isku-dubarid ah oo loogu talagalay isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare, oo ay ku jiraan barta-xiddigaha, CIB (Xidhiyaha-Input Band), iyo Stretchline. Habayntu waxay qeexaysaa habka calaamadaha wax-soo-gelinta la isugu daray iyo sida loogu qaybiyo dekedaha wax-soo-saarka ee isku-darka.

5. Inta jeer ee ama kala dheeraynta kanaalka: Soo noqnoqoshada ama kala dheeraynta kanaalka waxaa lagu qeexaa farqiga ugu yar ee soo noqnoqda ee u dhexeeya labada kanaal ee isku xiga. Halbeeggani waxa uu muhiim u yahay naqshadaynta isku-darka si loo yareeyo qalloocinta isdhexgalka (IMD).

6. Gelida Khasaare: Luminta Gelida waa inta ay le'eg tahay khasaaraha calaamadda ee dhacda marka calaamaduhu dhex maraan isku-darka. Waxa lagu muujiyaa decibels (dB) oo ah qiime taban. Luminta gelinta hoose waxay muujineysaa awoodda gudbinta calaamadda, waxaana muhiim ah in la yareeyo si looga fogaado hoos u dhaca calaamadaha.

7. VSWR: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) waa cabbir lagu qiyaaso sida ugu hufan ee isku-dariyuhu tamar uga wareejiyo signalka wax soo saarka. Qiimaha VSWR hoose wuxuu muujinayaa hufnaanta wareejinta tamarta ka wanaagsan.

8. Go'doon: Go'doomintu waa cadadka kala soocida labada calaamadood. Waxa lagu muujiyaa decibels (dB) waxayna tusinaysaa heerka gelinta iyo soo saarista calaamadaha la go'doomin karo si looga hortago faragelinta.

9. Noocyada Xidhiidhiyaha: Noocyada isku xirka waxay tixraacaan nooca iyo cabbirka xiriiriyaha loo isticmaalo isku xirka gelinta iyo soo saarista isku-darka. Noocyada isku dhafka ah ee isku-darka awood sare leh waxaa ka mid ah 7/16 DIN, 1-5/8", 3-1/8", iyo 4-1/2".

10. Isku-xidhka: Halbeegga isku dhafka ah ee isku-darka waxa loola jeedaa xadiga tamarta laga soo wareejiyay ishaarada wax-soo-saarka. Isku-xidhka waxa lagu qiyaasaa decibels (dB), isku xidhaha isku-xidhaha waxa uu noqon karaa mid go'an ama doorsooma, iyada oo ku xidhan naqshadda.

11. Wideband vs. dhuuban: Isku-duwaha ballaadhan waxa uu xamili karaa tiro badan oo soo noqnoqota, halka isku-darka xadhig cidhiidhi ah loo qaabeeyey inuu ka dhex shaqeeyo xaddi soo noqnoqda oo gaar ah.

12. Baasaboorka: Baadhitaanka isku-darka waxa loola jeedaa inta jeer ee isku-darka ah kaas oo isku-dariyuhu uu u oggolaan doono in calaamadaha wax-gelinta la dhex maro oo la isku daro.

13. Joojinta: Xirmada joogsiga isku-darka waxa ay tilmaamaysaa inta jeer ee isku-darka ah kaas oo isku-dariyuhu uu hoos u dhigi doono ama xannibi doono calaamadaha soo socda.

14. Dib u dhaca kooxda: Dib u dhigista kooxdu waa cabbirka daahitaanka wakhtiga ee soo gelista calaamadaha ay la kulmaan markay dhex maraan isku-darka. Isku-darka ugu habbooni ma soo bandhigi doono dib u dhac kooxeed, laakiin ficil ahaan, daahitaan kooxeed ayaa caadi ahaan jira.

15. Harmonics: Harmonics waa calaamado lagu soo saaro isugeyn isugeyn ah oo ka mid ah soo noqnoqda. Isku-darka wanaagsan ayaa xakameyn doona calaamad kasta oo is-waafaji ah oo laga yaabo inay abuuraan calaamadaha wax-gelinta.

17. PIM (Is-dhex galka dadban): PIM waa qallooca calaamadaha iman kara marka laba ama in ka badan oo calaamaduhu maraan qayb dadban sida isku-darka. Isku darka si habboon loo qaabeeyey oo la dayactiray ayaa yarayn doona halista PIM.

18. Calaamadaha beenta ah: Calaamadaha aan fiicneyn waa calaamado aan loogu talagalin in la gudbiyo, waxayna sababi karaan faragalin lagu sameeyo kanaalada kale ee isgaarsiinta. Isku darka calaamadaha aan la rabin waxay u horseedi kartaa calaamado been abuur ah iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada calaamada la kala qaado.

Kuwani waa halbeegyo muhiim ah oo loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo oo la naqshadeynayo isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare ee waxqabadka baahinta ugu wanaagsan. Fahamka xuduudahan ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah xulashada habboon, naqshadaynta, iyo dayactirka isku-darka waxqabadka baahinta ugu wanaagsan.
Waa maxay macnaha nambarka godadku uga dhigan yahay isu-duwaha awooda sare?
Tirada godadka ku jira isku-darka awood sare leh waxa loola jeedaa tirada godadka wareegga resonant ee ku dhex jira isku-darka. Godadku inta badan waa tuubooyinka birta ah ee cylindrical ama leydi leh, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay soo noqnoqosho gaar ah oo ku dhex jira xargaha soo noqnoqda ee isku-darka.

Dalool kasta waxa loo qaabeeyey inuu u shaqeeyo sidii wareeg resonant kaas oo lamaanayaasha tamarta ka soo gelida ilaa dekedaha wax soo saarka ee isku-darka. Iyada oo la hagaajinayo dhererka iyo dhexroorka godadka, inta jeer ee resonant ee dalool kasta ayaa si sax ah loogu hagaajin karaa inta jeer ee gaarka ah ee calaamadda gelinta.

Isku-darka gudbiyaha awooda sare, tirada godadka ayaa muhiim ah maadaama ay go'aaminayso awoodaha maaraynta awooda isku-darka iyo heerka go'doomin ee u dhexeeya calaamadaha wax-gelinta iyo soo-saarka. Inta badan ee godadka isku-dariyuhu leeyahay, waa ay kordheysaa awoodda maaraynta awoodda, waana sii fiicnaanaysaa go'doominta u dhexeeya calaamadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, godadka badan ee ku jira isku-darka, way sii kakannaanayaan, wayna adkaanaysaa in la hagaajiyo lana ilaaliyo.

Marka la soo koobo, tirada godadka ku jira isku-darka awood sare leh ayaa muhiim ah maadaama ay go'aaminayso awoodda maaraynta awoodda iyo heerka go'doominta isku-darka, iyo sidoo kale kakanaanta iyo shuruudaha hagaajintiisa.
Qalab noocee ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo dhiso nidaamka anteenada oo dhameystiran?
Qalabka looga baahan yahay in lagu dhiso anteeno dhamaystiran oo loogu talagalay idaacadaha idaacadaha ayaa kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran nooca idaacadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwan soo socda ayaa ah liiska guud ee qalabka laga yaabo in looga baahdo UHF, VHF, FM, iyo xarumaha baahinta TV-ga:

Xarunta Warbaahinta UHF:

- gudbiyaha awoodda sare ee UHF
- Isku-duwaha UHF (si loogu daro gudbiyeyaal badan hal wax soo saar)
- anteenada UHF
- filter UHF
- cable UHF coaxial
- Culayska UHF ee cuuryaanka ah (baaritaanka)

Xarunta Warbaahineed ee VHF:

- Gudbiyaha VHF awood sare
- Isku-duwaha VHF (si loogu daro gudbiyeyaal badan hal wax soo saar)
- anteenada VHF
shaandhada VHF
- fiilada coaxial VHF
- Culayska cakiran ee VHF (baaritaanka)

Idaacadda FM:

- Gudbiye FM awood sare leh
- Isku-duwaha FM (si loogu daro gudbiyeyaal badan hal wax soo saar)
- anteenada FM
- filter FM
- fiilada coaxial FM
- Culayska dummy FM (imtixaanka)

Xarunta Baahinta TV-ga:

- Gudbiyaha TV-ga awoodda sare leh
- Isku-duwaha TV-ga (si loogu daro gudbiyeyaal badan hal wax soo saar)
Anteenada TV-ga (VHF iyo UHF)
shaandhada TV-ga
- cable TV coaxial
- Culeyska TV-ga oo dhan (tijaabin)

Intaa waxaa dheer, dhammaan xarumaha baahinta sare, qalabka soo socda ayaa sidoo kale loo baahan karaa:

- Tower ama mast (si loo taageero anteenada)
- Fiilooyinka Guy (si loo dejiyo munaaradda ama mastarada)
- Nidaamka dhulka hoostiisa (si looga ilaaliyo qalabka hillaacu)
- Khadka gudbinta (si loogu xidho gudbiyaha anteenada)
- Mitirka RF (si loo cabbiro xoogga calaamadaha)
- Falanqeeyaha Spectrum (si loo kormeero loona wanaajiyo calaamadaha)
Waa maxay codsiyada isku-darka awood sare leh?
Isku darka gudbiyaha awooda sare wuxuu leeyahay codsiyo kala duwan oo ku jira nidaamyada RF (soo noqnoqda raadiyaha) halkaasoo gudbiyeyaal badan oo RF ah ay u baahan yihiin inay ku xidhmaan hal anteeno. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah codsiyada caadiga ah ee isku-darka awood sare:

1. Baahinta Raadiyaha iyo TV-ga: baahinta raadiyaha iyo taleefishinka, iskudariyaha ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro calaamado RF badan oo ka kala yimid gudbiyeyaal kala duwan oo hal wax soo saar ah lagu quudiyo anteeno la wadaago. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa baahida loo qabo anteenooyin badan iyo xadhkaha gudbinta taas oo kordhinaysa kharashka rakibidda waxayna yaraynaysaa waxtarka gudbinta.

2. Isgaarsiinta Mobilka: Shabakadaha isgaadhsiinta mobaylada, iskudariyaha ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro calaamado badan oo RF ah oo ka imanaya saldhigyada saldhiga oo loo diro hal calaamad wax soo saar oo lagu kala qaado anteenada guud. Tani waxay awood u siinaysaa hawlwadeenada shabakadu inay wanaajiyaan daboolida shabakada oo ay kordhiyaan awooda.

3. Nidaamyada Raadaarka: Nidaamyada radar-ka, isku-darka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro calaamado badan oo RF ah oo ka socda qaybo kala duwan oo radar ah oo loo sameeyo hal wax soo saar si loo hagaajiyo xallinta iyo tayada sawirka radar.

4. Isgaarsiinta Ciidamada: Isku-darka waxa loo isticmaalaa hababka isgaadhsiinta milatariga si loogu daro calaamadaha gudbiyaasha kala duwan ee hal anteeno, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid waxtar badan oo kharash-ool ah in lagu shaqeeyo goobta.

5. Isgaarsiinta Satellite-ka: Isgaadhsiinta dayax-gacmeedka, iskudariyaha ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro calaamadaha transponders badan, kuwaas oo loo gudbiyo saldhigyada dhulka iyada oo loo marayo hal anteeno. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa xajmiga iyo miisaanka dayax-gacmeedka waxayna hagaajinaysaa waxtarka nidaamka isgaarsiinta.

Marka la soo koobo, isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare waxay bixiyaan hab hufan oo kharash-ku-ool ah si ay isugu geeyaan calaamado badan oo RF ah oo hal wax soo saar ah oo ka mid ah hababka isgaarsiinta ee kala duwan sida raadiyaha iyo TV-ga, isgaarsiinta mobaylada, nidaamka radar, isgaarsiinta milatariga, iyo isgaarsiinta satellite-ka.
Waa maxay ereyada isku dhafka ah ee awood sare leh?
Waxa jira dhawr eray oo la mid ah ereyga "isku-darka gudbinta awoodda sare" ee dhinaca injineernimada inta jeer ee raadiyaha (RF). Waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Isku-xidhaha Korontada
2. Isku-duwaha Gudbinta
3. Amplifier Combiner
4. Isku-darka Heerka Sare
5. Isku-darka RF
6. Isku-duwaha Soo noqnoqda Raadiyaha
7. Isku-xidhaha Signal
8. Isku darka Multiplexer
9. Isku-dariyaha

Dhammaan ereyadan waxa loo istcimaalayaa si is beddel ah si loo qeexo qalab isku daraya calaamadaha RF ee hal calaamad wax-soo-saar awood sare leh.
Waa maxay noocyada kala duwan ee isku darka gudbinta awooda sare?
Halkan waxaa ah sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan qaar ka mid ah habaynta ugu caansan ama noocyada isku-darka ee loo isticmaalo xarumaha baahinta:

1. Isku-darka Xiddigga (Starpoint ama Qaabaynta Nooca Xiddiga): Qaabaynta dhibicda xiddigta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan qaabaynta nooca xiddigta ah, waa qaabaynta isku-darka halkaasoo dhammaan agabyada la isku daray ay ku jiraan barta dhexe. Qaabayntan waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa baahinta codsiyada leh calaamado badan oo wax gelin ah, sida xarun telefishan ama xarun xogeed. Faa'iidada qaabeynta starpoint waa in ay dejiso tiro badan oo calaamado wax gelin ah, iyada oo la ilaalinayo go'doomin wanaagsan dhexdooda. Isku-darka xiddigta, agabka gudbiyaha badan ayaa ku xiran hal dhibic oo ku taal bartamaha isku-darka, kaas oo markaa quudiya wax soo saar caadi ah. Isku-dariyuhu waxa uu isticmaalaa xadhkaha coaxial, lamaanayaasha isku-dhafan, iyo iska caabiyayaasha si uu isugu daro calaamadaha. Isku-dariyeyaasha Starpoint ayaa inta badan lagu isticmaalaa idaacadaha FM.

2. Qaabaynta Nooca Laamaha: Qaabaynta nooca laamaha ahi waa isku-xidhaha isku-darka halka wax-soo-gelinta ay kala qaybsan yihiin, ama la kala saaray, dhawr wareeg oo is barbar socda. Qaabayntan waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa isku-dariyeyaasha awood sare leh kuwaas oo leh tiro badan oo calaamado wax gelin ah iyo qiimeyn koronto oo sarreeya. Faa'iidada qaabeynta nooca laamoodka ah ayaa ah in ay u ogolaato ballaarinta sahlan iyo beddelka calaamadaha gelinta ama modulesyada.

3. Isku-dhafan Nooca Isku-dheelitiran (AKA CIB: Band-Input Band) ama Isku-dheellitirnaanta: CIB ama qaabeynta dheellitiran waa qaabeynta isku-darka halkaasoo calaamadaha wax-gelinta lagu lammaaniyo oo la isku daro si dheellitiran. Qaabayntani waxay wanaajisaa maaraynta awooda waxayna ka hortagtaa awooda muuqata iyadoo la miisaamayo carqalada wax gal kasta. Isku-darka CIB-da waxa uu isticmaalaa dipole-ka-cunid-dhexe-dhexe ah ama dipole laalaabmay oo ah walxaha caadiga ah. dipole-ku wuxuu ku xidhan yahay dekedo badan oo wax gal ah oo ka yimaada gudbiye kasta wuxuuna isku daraa calaamadaha iyada oo loo marayo isbarbardhiga impedance iyo isku dheelitirka shabakadaha. Isku-dariyeyaasha CIB waxaa lagu isticmaalaa xarumaha baahinta UHF iyo VHF.

4. Habaynta Khadka fidsan: Qaabeynta Stretchline waa qaabeynta isku-darka oo adeegsata khadadka gelinta dheellitiran iyo miirayaasha yaryar ama xariijimaha. Qaabayntan waxa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa isku-dariyayaasha awooda sare ee codsiyada UHF iyo VHF. Qaabeynta Stretchline waxay bixisaa awood maarayn koronto oo wanaagsan waxayna si fiican ugu habboon tahay xargaha cidhiidhiga ah, codsiyada isku-xidhka sare. Isku-darka fidsan wuxuu adeegsadaa walxaha xariiqda gudbinta sida Transformers-ka-rubuc-mawjadaha iyo transformers-ka impedance si uu isugu daro agabyo badan oo RF ah. Calaamadaha waxaa lagu daraa qaabeyn taxane ah oo ay weheliyaan hal xariiq oo gudbin ah. Isku darka Stretchline waxaa lagu isticmaalaa xarumaha baahinta VHF iyo UHF.

5. Isku-dhafka Isku-dhafka ah: Isku-darka isku-dhafka ah wuxuu adeegsadaa lammaaneyaal isku-dhafan si uu isugu daro laba ama in ka badan oo calaamado ah. Isku-xidhaha isku-dhafan wuxuu u kala qaybiyaa calaamadda gelinta laba calaamadood oo wax-soo-saar leh oo leh farqi waji hore loo go'aamiyay. Calaamadaha wax gelinta waxa lagu daraa weji iyadoo lagu quudinaayo lammaane isku-dhafan xagal sax ah. Isku-dariyeyaasha isku-dhafka ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa FM-yada iyo TV-ga labadaba.

6. Isku-dhafka Shaandheeyaha Baadhitaanka: Isku-darka shaandhada bandpass waa nooc ka mid ah isku-darka isticmaala filtarrada bandpass si loogu oggolaado kaliya tirada soo noqnoqda ee la rabo inay dhex maraan. Calaamadaha gaarka ah ee gudbiye kasta ayaa la dhex maraa filtarrada ka hor inta aan la isku darin. Isku dhafkan waxaa lagu isticmaalaa xarumaha baahinta VHF iyo UHF.

Marka la soo koobo, isku-dariyeyaasha awood sare leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro calaamado badan oo RF ah oo lagu daro hal wax soo saar. Nooca isku-darka la isticmaalo waxay ku xiran tahay shuruudaha gaarka ah ee xarunta baahinta. Noocyada ugu caansan waa kuwa starpoint, stretchline, nooca dheelitiran (CIB), hybrid, iyo bandpass filter. Dhammaan isku-dariyeyaasha waxay caadi ahaan adeegsadaan qaybo dadban sida iska caabiyeyaasha, lammaaneyaasha isku-dhafka ah, iyo filtarrada bandpass si ay isugu daraan calaamadaha gaarka ah. Habaynta isku-darka waa arrin muhiim u ah qaabaynta iyo adeegsigeeda. Nidaamyada kala duwan waxay ku siin karaan faa'iidooyin sida maaraynta awoodda oo la hagaajiyay, go'doomin iyo ballaarinta, halka qaababka kale ay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada isku dhafka ah ee cidhiidhi ah ama sare. Doorashada qaabeynta saxda ah waxay kuxirantahay shuruudaha gaarka ah ee codsiga baahinta.
Waa maxay sababta isku-darka awood sare leh loogu baahan yahay baahinta?
Isku-dariyaha awood sare leh ayaa loo baahan yahay baahinta sababtoo ah waxay u oggolaaneysaa gudbiyeyaal badan inay soo diraan calaamadaha hal anteeno ah. Tani waa lagama maarmaan sababtoo ah hal gudbiye waxaa laga yaabaa inuusan lahayn awood ku filan oo uu ku gaaro dhammaan kuwa loogu talagalay. Marka la isku daro awoodda gudbiyeyaal badan, warfidiyeyaashu waxay gaari karaan dabool weyn waxayna gaari karaan dhegeystayaal ballaaran.

Isku-dariyaha awood sare oo tayo sare leh ayaa muhiim u ah xarun warbaahineed oo xirfad leh sababtoo ah waxay hubisaa in calaamadaha isku dhafan ay yihiin kuwo nadiif ah oo aan faragelin lahayn. Qallooc kasta ama faragelin kasta oo lagu sameeyo calaamadda la isku daray waxay keeni kartaa maqal iyo muuqaal tayadoodu liidato, taas oo wax u dhimaysa sumcadda baahinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, isku-darka tayada sare leh ayaa wanaajin kara hufnaanta nidaamka, taas oo u oggolaanaysa idaacadaha inay ku gudbiyaan heerarka awoodda sare iyada oo aan lumin daacadnimada calaamadaha. Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay meelaha dadku ku badan yahay ee magaalooyinka halkaas oo idaacadyaal badan oo kala duwani ay ku tartamayaan isku mar. Isku-duwaha adag oo la isku halayn karo ayaa kaa caawin kara in la hubiyo in warfidiyeen kasta calamadihiisa la maqlo si weyn oo cad.
Waa maxay tilmaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee isku-darka gudbiyaha awoodda sare?
Tilmaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee isku-darka awood-sare leh waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Awoodda maaraynta awoodda: Tani waa xadiga ugu badan ee awooda uu iskudariyuhu xamili karo isaga oo aan waxyeelo u gaysanin qalabka ama aanu faragalin ku samaynin calaamadaha kale. Caadi ahaan waxa lagu cabbiraa kilowatts (kW).

2. Xadka soo noqnoqda: Iskudariyuhu waa inuu awoodaa inuu ku shaqeeyo inta jeer ee ay isticmaalaan gudbiyaha iyo anteenada.

3. Gelida khasaare: Tani waa inta ay le'eg tahay awoodda signalka ee lumay marka ay dhex marto isku-duwaha. Hadafka isku-darka awood sare leh waa in la yareeyo luminta gelinta si loo kordhiyo wax soo saarka korontada iyo tayada calaamadaha.

4. VSWR: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) waa cabbiraadda hufnaanta isku-darka xagga gudbinta awoodda anteenada. Isku-darka tayada sare leh waa inuu lahaadaa VSWR hoose, oo ku habboon 1: 1, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in dhammaan awoodda lagu wareejinayo anteenada iyada oo aan dib loogu soo celin isku-darka.

5. Go'doon: Go'doonku waa heerka uu calaamad kasta oo wax gelin ahi ka soocdo calaamadaha kale. Isku-darka tayada sare leh wuxuu yareeyaa isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya calaamadaha wax gelinta ee kala duwan si looga hortago qallooca iyo faragelinta.

6. Kala duwanaanta heerkulka: Isku-dariyaha awoodda sare leh waa inuu awood u yeesho inuu ku shaqeeyo heerkul ballaaran, maadaama heerarka korontadu ay dhalin karaan kulayl badan. Tani waxay si gaar ah muhiim ugu tahay meelaha ay ka jiraan xaalado cimilo xumo.

7. Tilmaamaha makaanikada: Isku-dariyuhu waa inuu noqdaa mid si farsamaysan u qallafsan oo awood u leh inuu u adkaysto xaaladaha adag ee deegaanka, oo ay ku jiraan dabaysha, qoyaanka, iyo gariirka. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inay u baahato inay awood u yeelato inay iska caabiso ku dhufashada hillaaca iyo qulqulka kale ee korantada.
Waa maxay qaababka isku-darka awood sare leh?
Waxaa jira dhowr qaab-dhismeedyo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay isku darka gudbinta awoodda sare, iyadoo ku xiran codsiga gaarka ah. Waa kuwan tusaalayaal:

1. Isku-dariyeyaasha/qaybiyayaal isku-dhafan: Kuwani waa nooca ugu fudud ee isku-darka waxaana loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka calaamadaha isku midka ah ee gudbiyeyaal badan. Caadi ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin xadhkaha gudbinta iyo/ama transformers-ka isku-darka ah ee isku-darka calaamadaha una jiheeya hal wax soo saar.

2. Isku-dariyeyaasha/qeybiyeyaasha Wilkinson: Kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka calaamadaha isku midka ah ee ka imanaya ilo badan iyadoo la ilaalinayo go'doomin wanaagsan oo u dhexeeya agabyada. Caadi ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin laba dherer oo xariiqda gudbinta ah oo ku xiran isgoysyada guud, oo leh iska caabiyeyaasha la dhigo si barbar socda si ay u bixiyaan go'doon.

3. Isku-dariyeyaasha balaastikada: Kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka calaamadaha soo noqnoqda. Caadi ahaan waxay adeegsadaan wareegyada la hagaajiyay, sida mawjadaha rubuca ama godadka resonant, si ay isugu daraan calaamadaha wax soo saarka.

4. Isku-dariyeyaasha Diplexer/Triplexer: Kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka calaamadaha soo noqnoqoshada kala duwan, tusaale ahaan kala soocida calaamadaha VHF iyo UHF. Waxay isticmaalaan filtarrada si ay u kala soocaan oo ay isugu geeyaan xargaha soo noqnoqda ee kala duwan.

5. Xiddig-wadaagayaasha: Kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka tiro badan oo calaamado ah oo ka yimid gudbiyeyaal badan. Caadi ahaan waxay adeegsadaan qaabaynta hub-iyo-hadal, iyada oo wax-soo-saarka gudbiyaha ay ku xidhan yihiin xuddunta dhexe iyo xadhkaha gudbinta shaqsiga ah ee u horseedaya anteenada.

Qaab dhismeedka gaarka ah ee loo isticmaalo arjiga la bixiyay waxay ku xirnaan doontaa arrimo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan tirada wax-soo-gelinta, inta jeer ee calaamadaha, iyo heerka la rabo ee go'doominta u dhexeeya agabyada.
Waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya ganacsiga iyo heerka macaamiisha RF-ga?
Waxaa jira faraqyo dhowr ah oo udhaxeeya isku darka gudbinta ganacsiga awooda sare iyo heerka macaamiisha ee awooda hoose ee RF.

1. Qiimaha: Isku darka xawilaadaha ganacsi ee awooda sare leh aad ayey uga qaalisan yihiin heerka macaamiisha ee awooda hoose ee RF isku dhafka walxaha culus ee loo isticmaalo dhismahooda iyo awooda ay u leeyihiin in ay wax ka qabtaan heerarka awooda aadka u sareeya.

2. Codsiyada: Isku darka gudbinta ganacsi ee awoodda sare leh waxaa loogu talagalay in loogu isticmaalo baahinta xirfadleyda iyo codsiyada isgaarsiinta, halkaas oo ay u baahan yihiin inay awoodaan inay xamili karaan heerar awoodeed oo aad u sarreeya oo ay ilaaliyaan tayada calaamadaha sare. Isku-dariyeyaasha RF ee heerka-macmiilka ah waxaa loogu talagalay codsiyada tamarta hoose, sida isticmaalka guriga ama baahinta cabbirka yar.

3. Waxqabadka: Isku darka gudbinta ganacsi ee awooda sare leh waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu ilaaliyo tayada calaamada sare iyada oo la isku darayo calaamado badan oo ka yimid gudbiyeyaal badan, halka heerka macaamiisha awood hoose ee RF-ga loogu talagalay in ay si fudud isugu geeyaan calaamadaha ilo badan oo hal wax soo saar ah. Isku darka gudbinta ganacsi ee awooda sare leh waxay caadi ahaan leeyihiin go'doon aad u wanaagsan oo u dhexeeya kanaalada si looga fogaado faragelinta iyo hoos u dhaca calaamadaha.

4. Qaab-dhismeedka: Isku darka gudbinta ganacsi ee awooda sare leh ayaa caadi ahaan aad uga adag qaab dhismeedka, oo leh qaybo aad u horumarsan sida lamaanayaasha jihaynta, filtarrada, iyo wareegyada la hagaajiyay. Isku-dariyeyaasha RF ee heerka macaamiisha ah ee awoodda hooseeya ayaa badanaa ah kuwo toosan, oo leh qaybo yar oo fudud sida fiilooyinka coaxial, kala qaybiyeyaasha aan caadiga ahayn, iyo terminators.

5. Inta jeer: Isku darka gudbinta ganacsi ee awooda sare leh ayaa caadiyan xamili kara tiro badan oo isugeyn ah, halka heerka macaamiisha ee awooda hoose ee RF ay caadi ahaan ku xaddidan yihiin kala duwanaansho yar.

6. Ku rakibida: Isku darka gudbinta ganacsi ee awooda sare leh waxay u baahan yihiin rakibaad xirfad leh iyo habayn, waxayna badanaa u baahan yihiin qalab gaar ah si loo qiyaaso oo loo hagaajiyo isku-darka. Isku-dariyeyaasha RF ee heerka-macmiilka ah ayaa badiyaa ku rakibi kara isticmaaluhu isagoo wata qalab fudud.

7. Dayactirka iyo dayactirka: Isku darka gudbinta ganacsi ee awoodda sare leh waxay u baahan yihiin dayactir iyo dayactir gaar ah oo ay sameeyaan farsamoyaqaanno tababaran, sababtoo ah kakanaanta qaybaha ay ka kooban yihiin iyo heerarka awoodda sare ee ku lug leh. Isku-dariyeyaasha RF ee heerka-macmiilka ah ayaa sida caadiga ah si fudud loo dayactiri karaa ama lagu beddeli karaa isticmaaluhu haddii loo baahdo.

Marka la soo koobo, isku darka xawilaadaha ganacsiga ee awoodda sare leh waxaa loogu talagalay baahinta xirfadlayaasha ah iyo codsiyada isgaarsiinta, una baahan awoodda maaraynta awoodda sare, qaabdhismeedka adag, tayada calaamadaha sare, iyo rakibida iyo dayactirka gaarka ah. Isku-dariyeyaasha RF-da ee heerka macaamiisha ee awoodda hoose, dhanka kale, waxaa lagu jihaysan yahay kuwa fudud, codsiyada tamarta hoose, waxaana loogu talagalay inay fududaato isticmaalka iyo rakibidda.
Soo-gudbiyehu miyuu la mid yahay isku-darka RF, waayo?
Maya, iskudariyaha awooda sare lama simo iskudariyaha RF. In kasta oo labada nooc ee isku-darka loo isticmaalo isku-darka calaamadaha ilo badan, isku-dariyeyaasha awood sare leh ayaa loogu talagalay si gaar ah isku-darka calaamadaha awoodda sare ee baahinta xirfadleyda iyo codsiyada isgaarsiinta.

Isku darka RF, dhanka kale, waxaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro calaamadaha awooda hoose ee kala duwan ee codsiyada macaamiisha. Tusaale ahaan, isku-darka caadiga ah ee RF-ga waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daro calaamadaha laba anteeno TV oo laga dhigo hal wax soo saar, ama in la kala qaybiyo calaamada modemka fiilada si ay u quudiso qalabyo badan.

Farqiga aasaasiga ah ee naqshadaynta labadan nooc ee isku-darka waxay ku jirtaa awoodooda wax-ku-qabsiga. Isku darka gudbinta awooda sare waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu xakameeyo heerar koronto oo aad u sarreeya, badiyaa boqolaal ama xitaa kumanaan watts, halka isku-dariyeyaasha RF caadi ahaan loogu talagalay inay xakameeyaan heerar koronto oo aad u hooseeya, badanaa wax ka yar 100 watts. Farqiga u dhexeeya awoodda maaraynta korantadu waxay u baahan tahay qalabyo kala duwan, qaybo, iyo tixgelinta naqshadaynta, taas oo ka dhigaysa isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare aad uga adag kana qaalisan isku-dariyeyaasha RF.

In kasta oo ereybixintu ay noqon karto waxoogaa jahawareer ah, waxaa muhiim ah in la fahmo isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare iyo isku-darka RF waxaa loogu talagalay codsiyo aad u kala duwan waxayna leeyihiin shuruudo aad u kala duwan marka loo eego maaraynta awoodda, tayada calaamadaha, iyo rakibidda.
Sidee loo doortaa isku-dariyeyaasha gudbinta ugu fiican? Talooyin yar oo loogu talagalay iibsadayaasha!
Doorashada isku-darka awoodda sare ee ugu wanaagsan ee xarunta baahinta raadiyaha waxay u baahan tahay tixgelin taxaddar leh oo dhowr arrimood ah, oo ay ku jiraan nooca idaacada (tusaale UHF, VHF, FM, ama TV), tirada soo noqnoqda, heerarka awoodda ee ku lug leh, iyo shuruudaha gaarka ah saldhiga.

1. Nooca Isku-dhafka: Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo ah isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare, sida barta-xiddigaha, fidsanaanta, iyo nooca dheelitiran (CIB). Doorashada isku-darka waxay ku xirnaan doontaa codsiga gaarka ah, sida tirada agabka iyo heerka go'doominta ee loo baahan yahay dhexdooda.

2. Maaraynta Korontada: Awoodda maaraynta awoodda isku-darka waa arrin muhiim ah waana in si taxadar leh loo tixgeliyo. Tani waxay u baahan doontaa in la is waafajiyo soosaarka korontada ee gudbiyaha(yada) iyo shuruudaha gaarka ah ee xarunta baahinta. Guud ahaan, awoodda maaraynta awoodda sare ayaa ka wanaagsan, laakiin waxay ku xirnaan doontaa shuruudaha tamarta gaarka ah ee saldhigga.

3. Inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda: Inta jeer ee isku-dariyuhu waa inuu u dhigmaa inta jeer ee ay istaanka adeegsato. Tusaale ahaan, xarunta baahinta UHF waxay u baahan tahay isku-duwaha ka shaqeeya inta jeer ee UHF, halka idaacada FM ay u baahan tahay isku-duwaha ka shaqeeya guutada raadiyaha FM-ta.

4. Analog vs Digital: Doorashada in la isticmaalo iskudariyeyaasha analoogga ama dhijitaalka ah waxay ku xirnaan doontaa shuruudaha gaarka ah ee saldhigga. Guud ahaan, isku-dariyeyaasha dhijitaalka ah waxay bixiyaan waxqabad wanaagsan iyo tayada calaamadaha, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inay qaali yihiin.

5. Shaandhaynta godka: Isku darka gudbinta awooda sare waxay isticmaali karaan filtarrada daloolka si ay u bixiyaan heerar sare oo go'doomin ah oo u dhexeeya agabka iyo si loo hagaajiyo tayada calaamadaha. Shuruudaha gaarka ah ee filtarrada daloolku waxay ku xirnaan doonaan codsiga gaarka ah waxaana laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan tixgelinno dheeraad ah sida xawaaraha soo noqnoqda.

6. Rakibaadda & Dayactirka: Doorashada isku-darka awood sare leh waa in ay sidoo kale tixgelisaa shuruudaha rakibidda iyo dayactirka. Waa in la tixgeliyo booska bannaan ee lagu rakibo, nooca dayactirka loo baahan yahay, iyo helitaanka shaqaale tababaran si ay u qabtaan hawlaha dayactirka.

Marka la soo koobo, doorashada isku-darka awoodda sare ee ugu wanaagsan ee xarunta baahinta raadiyaha waxay u baahan tahay tixgelin taxaddar leh oo dhowr arrimood ah, oo ay ku jiraan nooca isku-darka, maaraynta awoodda, baaxadda inta jeer ee, analoogga vs dhijitaalka, filtarrada godka, iyo rakibaadda/ shuruudaha dayactirka. Waa muhiim inaad la shaqeyso alaab-qeybiye ama lataliye sumcad leh kaasoo kaa caawin kara inaad gaarto go'aan xog ogaal ah oo ku saleysan baahiyahaaga gaarka ah iyo shuruudahaaga.
Sidee loo doortaa isku-dariyeyaasha gudbinta ee codsiyada kala duwan?
Doorashada isku-darka gudbinta awoodda sare ee noocyada kala duwan ee idaacadaha, sida xarunta baahinta UHF, xarunta baahinta VHF, idaacada FM, iyo xarunta baahinta TV-ga waxay ku xirnaan doontaa arrimo kala duwan, sida tirada soo noqnoqda gaarka ah, heerarka awoodda, iyo kuwa kale. shuruudaha saldhigga. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah tilmaamaha guud:

1. Xarunta Warbaahineed ee UHF: Xarun baahinta UHF, isku duwaha waa in loo qaabeeyaa inuu ku shaqeeyo inta jeer ee UHF, sida caadiga ah laga bilaabo 300 MHz ilaa 3 GHz. Isku-dariyuhu waa inuu sidoo kale awood u yeeshaa inuu xakameeyo calaamadaha awoodda sare leh, oo leh awood wax-ka-qabasho oo u dhiganta wax-soo-saarka korontadu (-yaasha). Intaa waxaa dheer, isku-dariyuhu waa inuu lahaadaa heerar sare oo go'doon ah oo u dhexeeya agabyada si looga hortago faragelinta iyo ilaalinta tayada calaamadaha.

2. Xarunta Warbaahineed ee VHF: Rugta baahinta VHF, isku duwaha waa in loo qaabeeyaa inuu ku shaqeeyo inta jeer ee VHF, sida caadiga ah laga bilaabo 30 MHz ilaa 300 MHz. Awoodda maaraynta korontada iyo shuruudaha go'doominta waxay la mid noqon doonaan kuwa xarunta baahinta UHF.

3. Idaacadda FM: Raadiyaha FM-ta, isku-darka waa in loo qaabeeyaa inuu ku shaqeeyo inta jeer ee raadiyaha FM-ta, sida caadiga ah laga bilaabo 88 MHz ilaa 108 MHz. Awooda maaraynta korantada iyo shuruudaha go'doominta waxay ku xirnaan doontaa soosaarka tamarta gaarka ah ee gudbiyaha iyo tirada agabka la isku daray.

4. Xarunta Baahinta TV-ga: Xarunta baahinta TV-ga, isku-darka waa in loo qaabeeyaa si uu ugu shaqeeyo inta jeer ee TV-ga ku habboon, taas oo ku xidhan heerka gudbinta ee la isticmaalayo. Tusaale ahaan, gudaha Maraykanka, inta jeer ee VHF (54-88 MHz) iyo xadka UHF (470-890 MHz) ayaa loo isticmaalaa baahinta TV-ga. Awooda maaraynta korantada iyo shuruudaha go'doominta waxay ku xirnaan doontaa soosaarka tamarta gaarka ah ee gudbiyaha iyo tirada agabka la isku daray.

Marka lagu daro tilmaamahan, arrimaha kale ee ay tahay in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo isku-darka awood sare leh ee xarunta baahinta waxaa ka mid ah shuruudaha gaarka ah ee luminta galinta shaandhada, jawaabta soo noqnoqda, iyo cabbirrada waxqabadka kale, iyo sidoo kale booska jirka ee loo heli karo rakibaadda iyo shuruudaha dayactirka. . La-talinta alaab-qeybiye ama la-taliye sumcad leh oo ku takhasusay qalabka baahinta waxay ku caawin kartaa sameynta go'aan xog ogaal ah.
Sidee loo sameeyaa oo loo rakibaa isku-darka gudbiyaha?
Isku-dariyaha awood sare waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah idaacadaha baahinta taas oo u oggolaanaysa gudbiyeyaal badan inay wadaagaan anteeno guud. Habka soo saarista iyo rakibida isku-darka awood sare leh ayaa loo kala qaybin karaa tillaabooyinka soo socda:

1. Naqshadeynta iyo Injineerinka: Tallaabada ugu horreysa waxay ku lug leedahay qaabaynta nidaamka guud iyo xulashada qaybaha saxda ah ee lagu daro isku-darka. Ingineeradu waxay u baahan yihiin inay ku xisaabtamaan qodobbada ay ka midka yihiin heerarka korantada ee gudbiyaasha, kala duwanaanta soo noqnoqda, isbarbardhigga, iyo shaandhaynta.

2. Samaynta iyo Isku-xidhka: Marka nakhshadeynta la dhammeeyo, qaybaha waa la sameeyay oo la isku daraa isku-darka. Habka wax-soo-saarka waxaa ka mid ah samaynta guryaha birta ah, dhismooyinka kor u qaadista, iyo fiilooyinka iyo tuubooyinka la xidhiidha.

3. Tijaabinta iyo Xaqiijinta: Ka hor inta aan la rakibin isku-darka, waa in si fiican loo tijaabiyaa waxqabadkiisa korantada iyo farsamada. Tijaabada waxaa ka mid ah qiimeynta luminta gelinta, awoodda maaraynta awoodda, iyo sifooyinka goonida ah.

4. Diyaarinta goobta: Marka isku-darka la tijaabiyo oo la xaqiijiyo, goobta lagu rakibayo waa in la diyaariyaa. Tani waxay ku lug yeelan kartaa wax ka beddelka qaabdhismeedka jira si loogu dhejiyo isku-darka ama dhisidda dhismayaal cusub haddii loo baahdo.

5. Ku rakibida: Ka dib markii diyaarinta goobta la dhammeeyo, isku-darka ayaa loo raray goobta oo lagu rakibay. Tan waxa ku jira ku xidhida dhammaan gudbiyeyaasha iyo anteenooyinka iyada oo la adeegsanayo isku-duwaha.

6. Gudbinta: Ugu dambayntii, isku-darka waa la hawlgeliyay waxaana nidaamka lagu hubinayaa inuu si sax ah u shaqeeyo. Tan waxaa ka mid ah xaqiijinta heerarka korantada gudbiyaasha, jawaab celinta soo noqnoqda, iyo waxqabadka guud.

Marka la soo koobo, habka soo saarista iyo rakibida isku-darka awood sare leh waxay ku lug leedahay naqshadaynta iyo injineernimada, samaynta iyo isu-ururinta, tijaabinta iyo xaqiijinta, diyaarinta goobta, rakibidda, iyo hawlgelinta. Tallaabo kastaa waxay muhiim u tahay hubinta in isku-darku u shaqeeyo sidii loogu talagalay oo uu awoodo inuu keeno calaamadaha baahinta tayada sare leh.
Sida loo ilaaliyo isku-darka gudbiyaha?
Dayactirka saxda ah ee isku-darka awood sare leh ayaa lama huraan u ah si loo hubiyo waxqabadkiisa ugu wanaagsan loogana hortago fashilka nidaamka. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah tilmaamaha lagu ilaalinayo isku-darka gudbiyaha awoodda sare ee xarunta baahinta:

1. Kormeer joogto ah: Kormeerka aragga ee joogtada ah ee isku-darka ayaa lagula talinayaa si loo hubiyo wixii calaamado ah oo dhaawac ah, jeexan iyo jeexjeexa, ama xidhiidhada dabacsan. Injineer RF ah ama farsamoyaqaan u qalma waa inuu sameeyaa kormeer joogto ah ugu yaraan hal mar sannadkii.

2. Nadiifinta: Isku-darka nadiifi oo ka ilaali boodhka, wasakhda, iyo qashinka kale. Isticmaal xal nadiifin aan fiicneyn si aad u tirtirto dusha sare ee xayndaabka isku-darka iyo dahaarka dhoobada.

3. Dayactirka nidaamka qaboojinta: Nidaamka qaboojinta ayaa inta badan looga baahan yahay isku-dariyeyaasha awoodda sare leh. Nidaamka qaboojinta waa in si joogto ah loo ilaaliyaa, oo ay ku jiraan nadiifinta filtarrada hawada, hubinta heerarka qaboojiyaha iyo tayadooda, iyo xaqiijinta shaqada marawaxado ama bambooyin la isticmaalo.

4. Tijaabada Korontada iyo Qalabaynta: Si joogto ah u samee tijaabinta korantada iyo hagaajinta si aad u hubiso in isku-darka uu wali u shaqeeyo sidii la filayay. Tan waxaa ka mid ah cabbiraadda luminta gelinta, go'doominta, iyo luminta soo noqoshada isku-darka.

5. Dayactirka iyo Bedelka la qorsheeyay: Dayactirka iyo beddelka waa in loo qorsheeyaa sida loo baahdo. Waxyaabaha ay ka midka yihiin filtarrada, lammaaneyaasha, iyo xadhkaha gudbinta ayaa laga yaabaa inay daataan waqti ka dib waana in la beddelaa si looga hortago wax kasta oo nidaamka ku guuldareysta.

6. Raac tilmaamaha soo saaraha: Jadwalka dayactirka isku-darka waa inuu raacaa tilmaamaha soo saaraha. Qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan habab gaar ah oo loo raaco dayactirka alaabtooda, waana in si dhow loo raaco.

7. Diiwaangelinta Dayactirka: Hayso diiwaan hawl kasta oo dayactir ah oo lagu qabtay isku-duwaha. Tani waxay kaa caawin doontaa in la aqoonsado arrimaha u baahan kara fiiro gaar ah ama dayactir iyo jaangooynta waxqabadka isku-darka waqti ka dib.

Markaad raacdo tilmaamahan, isku-darka ayaa si wanaagsan loo ilaalin doonaa oo si hufan u shaqayn doona muddo dheer, isagoo hubinaya calaamadaha baahinta tayada sare leh ee aan kala go'in.
Sidee loo dayactiraa isku-darka gudbiyaha haddii uu shaqayn waayo?
Haddii isku-dariyaha awoodda sare uu shaqeyn waayo, tallaabada ugu horreysa waa in la ogaado sababta asaasiga ah ee fashilka. Waa kuwan tillaabooyinka la raacayo si loo hagaajiyo isku-darka gudbinta awoodda sare:

1. Kormeer Muuqaal: Samee kormeer muuqaal ah isku-darka si aad u ogaatid calaamad kasta oo dhaawac ah, daal iyo jeexjeexa, ama xidhiidhada dabacsan. Kormeer dusha sare ee xayndaabka isku-darka, dahaadhiyeyaasha dhoobada ah, xirayaasha, iyo fiilooyinka.

2. Tijaabada Korontada: Isticmaal multimeter ama falanqeeye shabakad si aad u tijaabiso waxqabadka korantada isku-duwaha. Tan waxaa ka mid ah cabbiraadda luminta gelinta, go'doominta, iyo luminta soo noqoshada isku-darka.

3. Dhibaataynta Haddii tijaabada korontadu ay caddeyso arrimo, bilow habka cilad-raadinta si aad u go'doomiso dhibaatada. Tani waxay badanaa ku lug leedahay in la tijaabiyo qayb kasta oo ka mid ah isku-darka si gaar ah si loo ogaado haddii qayb ka mid ah ay cilladaysan tahay.

4. Dayactir ama Beddel: Marka dhibaatada la go'doomiyo, qaybta arrinta keentay waa la hagaajin karaa ama la bedeli karaa. Waxyaabaha ay ka midka yihiin filtarrada, lammaaneyaasha, xadhkaha gudbinta, ama qaybiyeyaasha korontada ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan in la hagaajiyo ama la beddelo.

5. Tijaabinta iyo Qalabaynta: Dayactirka ama beddelka ka dib, tijaabi isku-darka mar kale oo hubi inuu u shaqeeyo si waafaqsan qeexitaannada. Qalabaynta ayaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo si loo hubiyo in iskudarka uu si sax ah u shaqeeyo.

6. Dukumeenti: Hayso diiwaan hawl kasta oo dayactir ah oo lagu sameeyo isku-duwaha. Tani waxay lama huraan u tahay in la ogaado soo noqoshada suurtagalka ah ee arrinta iyo ilaalinta diiwaannada saxda ah.

Dayactirka isku-darka awood sare leh ayaa noqon karta mid adag waana in uu sameeyo farsamo yaqaan u qalma ama injineer RF ah. Marka la raaco tillaabooyinkan, isku-darka waa la hagaajin karaa oo lagu soo celin karaa shaqeyn buuxda, si loo hubiyo waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan ee nidaamka baahinta.

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    Waa maxay faa'iidada saamileyda ah ee FMUSER INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITED.

    Had iyo jeer waxaan siinaa macaamiisheena alaab la isku halayn karo iyo adeegyo tixgalin leh.

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